1 for feline coronavirus (FCoV), two-thirds of the coronavirus genome encodes proteins involved in viral RNA synthesis. Coronaviruses are now recognized as emerging viruses with a propensity to cross into new host species, as has been shown by the recent outbreaks of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome ( Coleman & Frieman, 2014). They are generally responsible for mild enteric and respiratory infections, but they can also be associated with severe disease in both humans and animals ( Masters & Perlman, 2013). Our results support previous studies that implicate S protein mutations in the pathogenesis of FIP.Ĭoronaviruses are enveloped, positive-sense RNA viruses. We also identified deletions in the 3c protein ORF of genomes from two of the FIP samples. In this study, two amino acid differences fully discriminated the two classes of genomes: these were both located in the S2 domain of the virus surface glycoprotein gene. We found amino acid differences located at 44 positions across an alignment of the six virus translatomes and, at 21 of these positions, the differences fully or partially discriminated between the genomes derived from the faecal samples and the genomes derived from the tissue lesion samples.
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The six samples were obtained over a period of 8 weeks at a single-site cat rescue and rehoming centre in the UK. In this study, we report the complete coding genome sequences of six FCoVs: three from faecal samples from healthy cats and three from tissue lesion samples from cats with confirmed FIP. However, approximately 5 % of cases develop feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a systemic disease that is a frequent cause of death in young cats. The majority of infections are asymptomatic or result in only mild enteric disease.
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Feline coronavirus (FCoV) infections are endemic among cats worldwide.